Upper Tribunal Appeals — Permission to Appeal & error-of-law strategy
We audit the FTT decision, draft targeted PTA grounds, handle renewed permission if refused, and run UT case management and advocacy — focused on material errors of law and the right remedy (set aside, remit, or re-make)
Upper Tribunal Appeals — Permission to Appeal & error-of-law strategy
We audit the FTT decision, draft targeted PTA grounds, handle renewed permission if refused, and run UT case management and advocacy — focused on material errors of law and the right remedy (set aside, remit, or re-make)
What we do for Upper Tribunal appeals
Pinpoint the error of law, meet strict PTA deadlines, and secure the right remedy for your case
( PTA ) - Audit & PTA grounds
- Line-by-line audit of the FTT determination to identify arguable errors of law and materiality.
- ✓ Issue list & authorities
- ✓ Targeted PTA grounds
- ✓ Materiality analysis
( Renewal ) - Renewed permission
- If permission is refused on the papers, we prepare a renewed PTA application to the UT.
- ✓ Refusal analysis
- ✓ Renewed grounds & skeleton
- ✓ Hearing advocacy (if listed)
( Directions ) - Case management
- We manage UT directions, consolidation, and any procedural applications.
- ✓ Timetables & compliance
- ✓ Adjournments / stays (if needed)
- ✓ Authorities & skeleton updates
( Outcome ) - Remedy & advocacy
- Focused EOL submissions; strategy for set aside, remit to FTT, or re-make at UT.
- ✓ Error-of-law hearing
- ✓ Appropriate remedy strategy
- ✓ Re-make advocacy (if applicable)
What counts as an “error of law”?
( Law ) - Misdirection / wrong test
The FTT applied the wrong legal test or misunderstood the rules/caselaw. ✓ Incorrect legal framework ✓ Ignored binding guidance
( Fairness ) - Procedural unfairness
You couldn’t fairly present your case, or reasons were inadequate. ✓ Surprise points / no notice ✓ Failure to engage with key evidence
( Findings ) - Irrationality
Findings that are perverse or unsupported by the evidence. ✓ Findings with no basis Contradictions / inconsistency
( Materiality ) - Made a difference
The error must be capable of affecting the outcome — we show why. ✓ Clear causal link ✓ Remedy rationale (remit/re-make)
How your Upper Tribunal appeal runs
From PTA drafting to EOL hearing and remedy — with deadlines protected at every stage.
1-) Audit & PTA grounds
- We review the FTT determination and draft targeted permission grounds with authorities.
2-) File PTA in time
- We confirm the exact deadline, file on time, or explain delay and seek an extension where rules allow.
3-) PTA decision
- If granted: proceed to EOL stage. If refused: we prepare a renewed PTA to the UT with refined grounds.
-) Error-of-law hearing
- Concise skeleton; focused submissions on the pleaded grounds; remedy sought and justified.
5-) Outcome & remedy
- Set aside and remit to FTT, or re-make at UT where appropriate — we run the next stage.
6-) Post-decision steps
- Directions compliance, re-listing strategy, or further appeals (where viable).
Documents we’ll use
FTT record
* FTT determination & reasons * Hearing notes / recording (if available) FTT bundle & exhibits Directions & case file
PTA documents
* Permission grounds * Skeleton argument * Core authorities bundle * Renewed PTA (if needed)
Supporting material
* Country guidance / COI extracts * Policy/guidance references * Expert/medical reports (where relevant) * Translations / certified copies
Remedy stage
* Remittal plan / re-make strategy * Directions compliance * Updated statements (if allowed) * Consolidated authorities
Common issues we solve
We sharpen grounds to the real legal issues and demonstrate materiality.
Wrong legal test
- Misdirection on the rules or caselaw; we cite the correct framework.
Inadequate reasons
- FTT failed to explain findings or ignored key evidence.
Procedural unfairness
- Surprise points, refusal to adjourn, or issues with interpreters.
Irrational findings
- Findings not supported by the evidence or internally inconsistent.
Materiality
- Showing how the error could have affected the outcome.
Remedy choice
- Set aside & remit vs re-make — what’s best for your case.
Frequently Asked Questions
We can apply for renewed permission to the UT, refining grounds and presenting a concise skeleton for the renewal hearing.